A society is composed of a population. The
amount of people living at the same place can greatly affect how a society
works. An example is urbanization which is caused by people moving to cities
and leaving the country. Great population increase or decrease affects the
functioning society.
A population is the number of
people living in an area at a particular time. Demography is the area of
sociology devoted to the study of human populations. The measure to describe
the amount of births is the birthrate and its formula is Birthrate=live
births/Total population X 1000. Fertility is used to describe the number
of women of child bearing age that are actually having children. Fecundity
is the biological capability to bear children. The number of deaths within a
society is the mortality. The measure to calculate the number of deaths in a
population is the death rate. The infant mortality rate is the amount of
children under the age of one year that die. Life expectancy is the amount of
years a person is expected to live according to the year they were born.
Migration is the movement of one specified area to another. The migration
rate is calculated by the amount of immigration and emigration. The rate at
which a countries population increases is called the growth rate. The
Malthusian theory was developed by Thomas Malthus and it stated that
population would grow to astronomical numbers and that there would be famine,
war and conflict due to it. The demographic transition theory states that a
country’s population depends on its technological development. Zero growth rate
is the point where the birthrates almost match the death rates creating zero
population growth.
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Urbanization is a concentration of the
population in cities. A city is a permanent residence for a large number of
people who do not engage in farming activities. The evolution of cities are the
preindustrial cities to the industrial cities. Overurbanization happens
when more people live in a city than the city can provide for in jobs or
facilities. There are different types of city structures which are the
concentric model, the sector model, the multiple nuclei model and the urban
ecology model.
People are always seeking a better life.
Overpopulation is caused by people having children to take care of them. Under
population is caused when having children brings economical problems.
Urbanization happens when people decide to leave the country and move to the
city.
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